An Introduction To DNA

An Introduction To DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic corrosive) is the hereditary material of eve living life forms including some infections. It is a dimer comprises of two strands that drench upon one another and show up as a twofold helix that are connected together covalently with one another. Each strand is comprised of comparable rehashing units called nucleotides. Every nucleotide made out of three distinctive moieties,a 2-deoxyribose sugar,a phosphate gathering and a nitrogenous base. 1.1.1 2-Deoxyribose sugar The 2-deoxyribose sugar, a significant auxiliary segment of DNA is a cyclic particle .The sugars are combined by phosphate bunches that structure phosphodiester bonds among third and fifth carbon iotas of neighboring sugar rings.The 5 carbon of deoxyribose sugar is appended to the 3 carbon of the following, and make a system of 3 carbon and 5 carbon.5end of a DNA atom is portrayed by a free phosphate (P) gathering and the 3 end is described by a free hydroxyl (OH) gathering. It comes up short on a hydroxyl bunch at the 2 situation as in a ribose in this manner a sugar moiety is a 2-deoxyribose. Two free hydroxyl bunches are additionally situated on the 5 carbon and 3-carbon of 2-deoxyribose sugar.These hydroxyl bunches give a DNA oligomer its assignment of 5 and the 3 end(usually highlight as three prime end and five prime end). 1.1.2 Sugar-Phosphate spine The 2-deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate bunch frames the spine in the DNA which are profoundly polar and characterizes directionality of the atom. The polar hydrophilic spine is encircled by a center of hydrophobic bases and is significant for the soundness and structure of DNA. The phosphate bunches have a negative charge that gives a concentra-tion of negative charge on the foundation of DNA and furthermore makes DNA,a adversely charge 5 1 Fundamentals particle. The charge is additionally killed by DNA-restricting proteins that contain the pos-itively charged amino acids lysine and arginine, which are pulled in to the adversely charged phosphate spine. See Fig. 1.1. Figure 1.1: DNA spine 1.1.3 Nucleic corrosive bases DNA contain four diverse nitrogenous bases that make monomer of one nucleotide not quite the same as other. These bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and gua-nine(G). The bases come in two classes pyrimidines and purines. Bigger nucleic acids adenine and guanine are individuals from a class of doubly ringed structures called purines while the littler nucleic acids cytosine and thymine are individuals from a class of separately ringed compound structures called pyrimidines .A six-membered ring with two-nitrogen atom framed a pyrimidine structure though purine is delivered by a nine-membered, ring with four-nitrogen particle. Every unit of the ring developing the base is numbered to for explicit ID. They are orchestrated in a specific request along the foundation of DNA to make a long chain of shifting grouping that contains the code for proteins.The succession determines the specific hereditary directions required to make a specific life form with its own exceptional att ributes. 6 1 Fundamentals 1.1.4 Base Pairing in DNA The nitrogenous bases are mindful to frame twofold strand of DNA in outcome of frail hydrogen bonds and have explicit shapes and hydrogen bond properties. The three hydrogen bonds structure among guanine and cytosine and afterward meant as G.C or C.G,depending on which is related with the primary strand. Likewise adenine and thymine additionally bond solely by blending of two hydrogen bonds and afterward signified as A.T or T.A. This coupling up of nitrogen bases named as complementarity.,A hydrogen bond benefactor need a proportional hydrogen bond acceptor to shape a hydrogen bond in the base opposite it. Purines are just correlative with pyrimidines since atoms in pyrimidine-pyrimidine pairings are extremely distant from one another that doesnt makes the hydrogen clinging to be built up. Purine-purine matching are enthusiastically negative in light of the fact that the atoms are excessively close and make an electrostatic shock. The main potential pairings are GT and AC. Essential and optional amine gatherings or hydroxyl bunches are regular hydrogen bond donar while carbonyl and tertiary amines are basic hydrogen bond acceptor gatherings. There are two hydrogen bonds between an A:T base pair. One hydrogen bond lie between the 6 essential amine of adenine and the 4 carbonyl of thymine. The other hydrogen bond structure between the 1 tertiary amine of adenine and the 2 auxiliary amine of thymine. On the other hand,G:C base pair has three hydrogen bonds. One hydrogen bond lie between guanine with its 6 hydrogen bond tolerating carbonyl and cytosine having 4 hydrogen bond tolerating essential amine. The subsequent hydrogen bond likewise framed between guanine on 1 optional amine and cytosine 3 tertiary amine and the third shaped between the 2 essential amine on guanine and the 2 carbonyl on cytosine. 1.1.5 Directionality The directionality of DNA is imperatively essential to numerous cell forms. since,double helices are essentially directional(a strand running 5 to 3 sets with strand running 3 to 5 )and procedures, for example, DNA replication happen in just a single heading. The two DNA strands in a duplex are hostile to resemble and frame a synthetically steady structure. That is, one strand running from the 5-phosphate to 3-OH is combined with the other strand masterminded with its 3-OH inverse the 5-phosphate of the primary strand, and its 5-phosphate inverse the 3-OH of the main strand. 7 1 Fundamentals 1.1.6 3 end and 5 en DNA strand is intrinsically directional.The 3 prime end has a free hydroxyl (or phos-phate) on a 3 carbon and is called as the last part. New nucleic corrosive particles are shaped by one finish of 3-hydroxyl as it is ligated to the opposite finish of 5-phosphate of an alternate nucleotide that make it conceivable to frame strands of associated nucleotides.Molecular scientists can utilize nucleotides that has an inadequacy of 3-hydroxyl(dideoxyribonucleotides) to stop DNA replication .The 5 prime end has a free hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 5 carbon in the sugar-ring and this end is called as the last part . In the event that a phosphate bunch tie with the 5 end, ligation of two nucleotides can frame, with a phosphodiester bond from the 5-phosphate gathering to the 3-hydroxyl end of other nucleotide. ligation can likewise stop if the above procedure is dispensed with. Atomic scientists have a bit of leeway of the above wonder to stop ligation of any pointless nucleic corrosive by expe lling the 5-phosphate with a phosphatase. 1.2 DNA-Ligand Binding The structure of DNA speaks to an assortment of destinations where ligands may connect and tie with DNA.The restricting connection between a medication and DNA frequently prompts a signi_- cant modi_cation of the structure of the DNA and may have a significant inuence on their physiological capacities related with a few organic e_ects including antivi- ral,antibacterial,antipotozoal and antitumor. Methods of Binding Due to the unpredictable twofold helical structure of DNA,drug particle interface with DNA in various modes. Various powers of changing quality engaged with each communication. Electrostatic powers with the phosphate backbone,sequence delicate van der Waals communication and hydrogen holding cooperations that happen between polar iota of bases and hydrogen atoms are joined separately or in combination.To comprehend the component of cooperation of each mode,it is ideal to examine di_erent restricting modes that can follow up on DNA. (an) External Binding (b) Intercalators (c) Groove official (I) Significant section covers (ii)Minor groove covers Outer Binding This kind of restricting outcomes because of electrostatic powers applied to the contrarily charge phosphodiester bunch along the foundation of DNA for cationic molecule.Ligand charge, hydrophobicity and size a_ect on electrostatic interactions.External restricting may likewise be due to either covalent or non-covalent interactions.This method of restricting is attributes for major groocould conceivably be examined during recreations where the charge and state of helical atoms are both changed. Intercalators A significant class of atoms that ties to DNA are intercalators,which have been broadly utilized as an enemy of disease drug.Intercalation happens because of inundation of an at sweet-smelling drug particle between nucleic bases adds to loosen up DNA helix(67).The cooperation between an emphatically charged intercalator and a contrarily charged DNA can be very solid and structure complex through electrostatic forces.Energy expended to unstacked the nucleic corrosive bases which shapes a hole between neighboring base sets into which the intercalator can _t easily.Because of little restricting site,they have a little grouping selectivity and many known intercalators shows constrained selectivity for GC base matches, for example, ethidium bromide which has a high a_nity towards GC site.Several other medications, for example, propidium,proavin, against tumor drugs adriamycin and actinomycin D intercalate with DNA. Section Binders Littler ligands specially ties to minor section district though proteins and other enormous atoms speci_cally _ts into the significant score district of DNA. They have bow - formed adaptation because of quality of at least two than two fragrant rings that gives a conformational exibility to the atom and makes it flawless to _t ready. They likewise have some utilitarian gathering that structures hydrogen bonds at lower most piece of DNA bases.They consummately oblige in the AT rich areas however some known notch covers show little inclination towards GC site. Significant Groove fasteners Nearness of number of hydrogen bonds on the DNA significant furrow upgrade its acknowledgment potential. Significant notch speci_c mixes are alkylating and methylating operators and N 7 situation of guanine in the significant depression partake in interaction.one of the most well-known model is Cis platin which is a notable enemy of malignancy sedate. Minor Groove fasteners The most generally considered DNA communicating operators are minor score fasteners that happens normally and

The Secret To Visiting All The Colleges On Your List

Regardless of whether you’re simply beginning the school application or choosing where to submit this fall, one thing will unquestionably help with your choice: a school visit. Shockingly, universities are not in every case close in closeness, and it’s frequently expensive to make the outing. In addition, with midterms and finals, understudies might not have the privilege to remove seven days from school. The arrangement? Virtual school tours.With on-request innovation, understudies would now be able to encounter what a school resembles without genuinely being nearby. Colleges that were not advertising much on the web have now teamed up with virtual school visit organizations, for example, YouVisit, to ensure imminent understudies are getting a comprehensive feeling of what a school brings to the table. On these virtual school visits, guests are taken across grounds, similarly as they would, in actuality. There is regularly a voiceover of an understudy visit manage pres enting every grounds spot with the additional capacity to stop the recordings to find out about the things referenced during the visit. In spite of the fact that it may not be equivalent to truly being at a school, this option has helped numerous planned undergrads access an additional parts of a school without assuming the substantial money related weight of making a trip to visit every one. By and large, 80% of candidates visit close to 4 universities face to face, at the same time, with online grounds visits, the schools candidates can reach are substantially more far reaching. This has helped numerous approaching first year recruit settle on a progressively educated choice about where to go to class. Be that as it may, The advantages aren’t only uneven. Virtual school visits have additionally helped increment enlistment rates at specific colleges. The United States Air Force Academy, for instance, has seen enhancements since its dispatch of their 3D virtual grounds visit, expanding their enlistment rate from 10% to 15%. With better innovation, these virtual grounds visits are turning out to be increasingly enlightening and progressively sensible. From grounds visit video talks to 3D grounds visits to, presently, the chance of encountering a school through computer generated simulation, schools are betting on the positive effect a vivid grounds experience will have on its appeal to imminent understudies. YouVisit began to work with Oculus Rift two years prior to change this involvement in the assistance of Yale University. Imprint Dunn, Yale University’s chief of effort and enlistment, accepts that it will assist understudies with bettering comprehend and experience what the school speak to for the individuals who can't visit. There are certainly numerous components that despite everything make face to face school visits progressively appealing, for example, participating in school addresses, meeting educators, asking undergrads inquiries up close and personal, and encountering the general grounds vibe. Be that as it may, with all the exertion put into virtual school visits, they dont appear to be an awful substitute by any stretch of the imagination.

How Stimulants Work to Reduce ADHD Symptoms

How Stimulants Work to Reduce ADHD Symptoms ADHD Treatment Print How Stimulants Work to Reduce ADHD Symptoms By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children . Hero Images / Getty Images Stimulants are the most common type of medicine used to treat ADHD. They work by increasing the availability of certain chemicals in the brain, thus making the pathways in the brain work more effectively. Stimulants lessen ADHD symptoms in 70 percent to 80 percent of people who take them.?? How the Brain Works Our brains are made up of nerve cells called neurons. These neurons are separated by tiny gaps called synapses. All functions of the brain and nervous system are based on communication among these neurons and across these synapses. The neurons relay information to each other by sending chemical messengers or neurotransmitters across the synapses throughout the neural network. Neurotransmitters are produced within a neuron. The neuron releases the neurotransmitter and it travels into the synapse space. The neurotransmitter may then be accepted by the next neuron attaching at a site called a receptor, thereby transmitting information from one nerve cell to another throughout the brain. In order for these pathways to work effectively so that the message gets through, the neuron must produce and release enough of the neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter must also stay in the synapse space long enough for it to bind to the receptor site. After the neurotransmitter is released, the excess or unused portion is then recaptured or reabsorbed by the original neuron that produced it. What sometimes seems to happen in individuals with ADHD is the neurotransmitter is prematurely reabsorbed back into the  neuron. When this occurs, that portion of the neural network cant relay messages in an adequate and timely way.?? How Stimulants Can Reduce Symptoms Stimulants stimulate and increase the release of certain neurotransmitters, most notably dopamine and norepinephrine, and block or slow up how much of these chemicals are being reabsorbed back into the neuron from which they were released. As a result, more of the neurotransmitter is held in the synapse space between neurons long enough for it to properly bind to the receptor, helping messages within the brain be more effectively transmitted and received.?? The differences in the way these stimulants work may explain why some people with ADHD respond to one type of stimulant medication better than another. Methylphenidate Research suggests that methylphenidate (a stimulant that includes the brand name medicines Ritalin, Metadate, and Concerta) primarily blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrineâ€"that is, slows up how much of the neurotransmitter is being reabsorbed back into the neuron so that more is left in the synapse. And secondarily, methylphenidate seems to facilitate the direct release of neurotransmitter from within the neuron where its produced and stored, which sends more out into the synapse space.?? Amphetamines Amphetamines (another type of stimulant that includes Vyvanse and Adderall) mostly increase the release of dopamine and norepinephrine from their storage sites into the synapse. A less significant mechanism of amphetamines is slowing the reuptake of the neurotransmitters.?? Vyvanse and Adderall for ADHD Why Stimulants Help ADHD Dopamine and norepinephrine seem to play a key role in the areas of the brain responsible for regulating attention and executive function. The reason the stimulants are helpful in reducing symptoms of ADHD appears to be that they make these neurotransmitters more available, therefore improving activity and communication in those parts of the brain which operate on dopamine and norepinephrine and signal for specific tasks.?? Brain imaging studies have demonstrated that when youre on stimulant medication, theres evidence of increased metabolic activity in the prefrontal cortex, specific subcortical regions, and the cerebellumâ€"all important centers for executive function. Thus, these areas of the brain appear more active and “turned on” to cognitive tasks when neurotransmitter levels are elevated.?? Stimulants dont cure ADHD. What they do is help to alleviate or reduce symptoms while the stimulant is active in your system. Taking stimulants isnt like taking an antibiotic to cure an infection, its like wearing glasses so you can see, though the glasses dont cure your vision problems.

Conjugation Table for the Italian Verb Mettere

The Placement Of Blame By Homer s Odyssey - 1487 Words

The Placement of Blame Blame can always be placed several different ways, and the accused and accusers of situations battle this all the time in literature. In one text however, several arguments can be made for one side of this ever-present schism. In this particular book, more arguments can be made to assign blame to one side of the argument rather than the other. In Homer’s Odyssey, mortal men cause their own misfortune. One way mortal men cause their own misfortune is by disobeying Odysseus, their leader. They, Odysseus’ crew, did this several times, but two instances significantly stand out in the argument of assigning blame. Before reaching Thrinakia, the island of Helios, Odysseus told his men of the warnings he had received about†¦show more content†¦During his visit to the underworld, Odysseus was informed of one of his most formidable enemies: desire. Teiresias plainly told him that â€Å"if [he could] contain [his] own desire, and contain [his] companions†¦ [they] might all make [their] way back to Ithaca† (Homer 171). When they finally saw the island, Odysseus did feel the desire to stop at the island, but tried to heed the warnings he received. His men however did not feel the same way he did. His me pestered him until he felt they had â€Å"[forced him] to it† but in reality he was just making an excuse to give in to his desires† (Homer 193). After indulging in his (and his crew’s) desires, he thought they would soon proceed off the island, however this was not the case. While exploring the island, his food deprived crew came upon the cattle of Helios, and being starving, began to cook and eat them, even sacrificing a part to the gods. Odysseus was walking back to their camp on his own when â€Å"the pleasant savor of cooking meat came drifting around [him], and [he] cried out [his] grief aloud to the gods immortal (Homer 194). Once he smelled the meat he knew that the horrific actions that were predicted would come true. All these things happened because Odysseus’ crew did not follow the instruction of their leader and instead followed their desires, but an even worse fate comes true when they disobey the gods themselves. With the warnings he received from the gods and Teiresias the seer, Odysseus tried to

Turning Points in History Free Essays

A turning point is a point at which a significant change occurs that can have serious effects on the world. There are negative turning points, which effect the world in a negative way, and there are positive one’s where beneficial things will come out of the change. Many turning points have occurred during history. We will write a custom essay sample on Turning Points in History or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two examples of turning points in history are the bubonic plague in Europe and northern Africa where many died of a fatal disease, and Humanism that occurred in Europe where people valued the individual needs of the person over traditional authority. Both of these events were times of great change and effected the world on a large scale. The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague or the Bubonic Plague killed one third of the population of Europe during its reign in the 13th and 14th centuries. The arrival of this plague set the scene for years of strife and heroism. Leaving the social and economic aspect in a standstill. The phantom of death became a subject of art, music and folklore and it influenced the consciousness of the people. The impact of this mass killer caused enormous chaos and havoc to the medieval society because of its unknown origin, the unknown causes and prevention†s, its deathly symptoms and its breakdown of orderly life. As a result religion was greatly affected and changed. This event can be known as a turning point because it effected the people of the world by killing off a massive number of people during the 13 and 14th centuries. The black or bubonic plague can also be known as a turning point because it helped bring about physicians. Most explanations about the plague were based on folklore, superstition, and rumor. Blame was frequently placed on travelers and other suspicious outsiders but after careful study people now truly understood that the plague was natural and caused by such things as an infected flea and not supernatural occurrences. Now that people learned that disease and sickness can be cured only by medical means and not by supernatural occurrences, the medical industry grew and people could now be cured if they were sick. Another turning point in history is humanism during the Renaissance, which is a way of life centered on human interests or values. Humanism is a time that rejected supernaturalism and stressed an individual’s dignity and worth and capacity for self-realization through reason. Humanism helped make people think for themselves and helped bring out people’s differences. Humanism is or is one of the most important turning points in history. During humanism people sought better lives and sought to expand their education to understand why things happened the way they did. The Renaissance was an incredibly important turning point in Western Intellectual and Cultural Tradition. The major political changes of the Renaissance were from the old Feudal System of the Middle Ages into a more flexible and liberal class system. The great changes in Education of the Renaissance were inspired at first, by the desire of Humanists to be wise and to speak eloquently. The idea of useful education for people was part of the new defined goals of Renaissance education. People began seriously questioning what philosophers said and re-developed the Scientific Theory, in which one didn’t just accept whatever was said, but tested the truth of it. Due to advanced technology artists could also now take advantage of new techniques, such as oil painting to enhance the quality of their works. It is shown the Renaissance was to great extent a major turning point in history from the Middle Ages in just about every element of the Society. The Renaissance has become the original roots of culture from the West. This was the time when people questioned the past, and decided to go back to school. In conclusion, It is shown that both of these events described are turning points and were very significant back when they occurred and now. Although many important events do occur in history, turning points don’t occur all that often, and when they do they impact the world on a large scale. It has also been shown that a turning point can have positive and negative effects on history. As seen in the bubonic plague. Although many died terrible deaths the medical industry greatly expanded and now doctors were able to cure diseases. It is also shown that humanism taught people to think for themselves and question traditional authority. It also motivated the individual to learn, and become more educated. Both of these events have changed the modern and ancient world drastically. How to cite Turning Points in History, Papers

P Essays - Cuisine Of The Western United States, Fatburger

P I felt right at home, the waitress referred to me by name, took interest in what I ordered, made suggestions, and checked on us as if she was on a timed schedule. The waitress attention to the customer alone was well worth stopping through, not to mention the food was delicious. Nothing like stopping in a place, early Monday morning, to get your favorite beverage where not only do they know your name, but they know what your drink as well. Thats exactly what this place provides, an experience that leaves me feeling refreshed and refueled all day. Cant seem to remember that special concoction that the Barista whipped up for you the following week? No Problem these professionals got it covered, remembering every detail, down to Soy Milk or Non-Fat. Now I will take a Vente of the service anytime. Patience is a virtue and the woman at the Macys dress department exemplified a great amount of it. I wanted a dress, in a certain size and she found it for me, however it was in California. For 25-30 minutes she was on the phone with another Macys representative, trying her best to not only get them to ship the dress, but to extend a discount to me. Because of the extended difficulty given by the rep in California, I decided not to purchase the dress. However, instead of giving me a dirty look for wasting her time, the Tysons Corner rep decided to help me find more choices. Kudos to her! Have you ever been in a store and couldnt locate an item, you ask a clerk and he/she refers you to the isle number? Well not at this Sports Authority, when I couldnt find the item, the retail person kindly walked me to the item and explained my options. Talking about taking care of your customer! And now my ultimate customer service encounter so far this yearThe Fatburger Experience. Now I know youre wondering how that is possible at a fast food restaurant. Well, simply by doing this, taking the time to explain every menu item and option that was available to new customers with a SMILE. Now thats doing it right, and to top it off she even offered a complimentary sample topping. When I want to cheat on my diet again, I will certainly drop back In to Fatburger.

Age of Exploration- Spain, Portugal, England Research Paper Example

Age of Exploration Age of Exploration- Spain, Portugal, England Paper Age of Exploration- Spain, Portugal, England Paper Q 6 Compare and contrast the early colonial empires of Portugal, Spain, and England in terms of motives, economic foundations, and relations with Africans and Indians. What factors explain the similarities and differences in the two ventures? The Age of Exploration was a period from the early 1600’s to the 1700’s during which Europeans explored the world, searching for trade partners and desirable goods. During this time, the three most influential European nations were Portugal, Spain, and England. If fingers had to be pointed at which country started the Age of Exploration, it would be Portugal, because if it had not been for the carrack and then the caravel, Atlantic trade would not have been started. However, the Spanish had the first global empires, rivaling the English’s largest empire. Each country had different motives for acquiring these colonies, different economic backgrounds, and different relations with the Africans and Indians. They also went about creating relations with the Africans and Indians in different ways. However, despite these differences, the same basic goal was accomplished, to discover new trade. The first English attempt at colonization was in Newfoundland. This collapsed when the promoter died at sea. However, this was only the start of English exploration and colonization. As the seventeenth century began, the population of England was skyrocketing to about 4 million and England’s economy was in ruins. Thousands of farmers were kicked off their farms and were unemployed. It was these unemployed people that would sail to the Americas. Years later, in 1606 Englishmen set sail on a ship headed towards Virginia. The people received a charter from King James I of England. The attraction that drew men was gold with a desire to find a new passage through America to the Indies. Later that year, the settlers from the Virginia Bay Company were attacked by Indians. This forced them to move the location of their colony up the James River. Their new location was called Jamestown. Two years later, an Englishmen was captured by local Indians and was almost executed, had he not been saved by a woman Indian. However, it was later found out hat the Indians never intended on killing him, but they wanted to prove to the English their power and desire for peaceful relations. Two years after that, the English had decided to use aggressive military action against the Indians. Relations remained tense between the Indians and English, especially when the English raided their food supply. To the English, the Indians had no value or valuable commodities, so they could be â€Å"disposed† without harm to the colony. When colonizing, the English did not think of anybody but themselves. All they wanted to do was get rid of the unemployed in their own country, send them off to acquire a system of mercantilism (a colony for the sole purpose of trade with the mother country) with spices, gold and silver, and would do this at any cost (i. e. murder of Indians and stranding sick Englishmen). Portugal invented two devices that were vital for the Age of Exploration to be made possible, the carrack and the caravel. The Portuguese hoped that with the use of these ships and further exploration, they would be pulled out of their current recession. The current recession proposed the problem of finding people to sponsor these expeditions. However, spices and silk were in such a high demand that people and companies came forth to sponsor. The first wave of expeditions by Portugal were launched by Prince Henry, or Henry the Navigator. His primary project was off the coast of West Africa where established trade routes brought slaves and gold. Over time the Portuguese state proved to be too small and did not have efficient funds to keep up the colonies and empire. They could not compete with larger nations and therefore was not a long-term successful colonizer of the New World. Spanish Conquistadors are known for rapidly colonizing the Americas at a pace that could not be rivaled by another nation. The purpose of these colonies was to spread the word of G-d to other parts of the world and to attain gold. While achieving this, the Spanish Conquistadors completely destroyed the culture of the native people. The Spanish were said to have hit so hard with their culture and everything they had, that no trace of what was previously there stood. When the Spanish arrived in the Incan empire, the European disease of smallpox had wiped out mass amounts of Incas, including the emperor, inciting a civil war. The Spanish used the Indians that were left, putting them to work in mines and had traded gold and silver with them. Even some of the Spanish Conquistadors described their conquest as â€Å"pure destruction†. When people currently learn about the Age of Exploration, it is looked at as a positive thing. However, that is because our country sprouted as a result of it. But, many disastrous things occurred as a result of it too. In the Americas, the Indian civilizations were destroyed and used for their resources and sometimes raided for food. In Africa, explorers worked with the Africans to catch slaves and mine for gold. However, this would not last, as eventually the greedy Europeans would take over the slave trade in Africa putting Africans out of work. Regardless of what the Europeans did to the people there before them, they all had the same goals in mind and a similar economic background. They were all in search of spices, gold, and permanent trading partners and all of Europe was in recession. Some countries were able to pull out of that recession, unlike Portugal who was too small to sustain their colonies through the recession. In total, the countries discovered new lands, established new trade lines, and without the Age of Exploration, the world would not be remotely similar to how it is today.

An Introduction to Brownian Motion

An Introduction to Brownian Motion Brownian motion is the random movement of particles in a fluid due to their collisions with other atoms or molecules. Brownian motion is also known as pedesis, which comes from the Greek word for leaping. Even though a particle may be large compared to the size of atoms and molecules in the surrounding medium, it can be moved by the impact with many tiny, fast-moving masses. Brownian motion may be considered a macroscopic (visible) picture of a particle influenced by many microscopic random effects. Brownian motion takes its name from the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, who observed pollen grains moving randomly in water. He described the motion in 1827 but was unable to explain it. While pedesis takes its name from Brown, he was not the first person to describe it. The Roman poet Lucretius describes the motion of dust particles around the year 60 B.C., which he used as evidence of atoms. The transport phenomenon remained unexplained until 1905 when Albert Einstein published a paper that explained the pollen was being moved by the water molecules in the liquid. As with Lucretius, Einsteins  explanation served as indirect evidence of the existence of atoms and molecules. At the turn of the 20th century, the existence of such tiny units of matter was only a theory. In 1908, Jean Perrin experimentally verified Einsteins hypothesis, which earned Perrin the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter. The mathematical description of Brownian motion is a relatively simple probability calculation, of importance not just in physics and chemistry, but also to describe other statistical phenomena. The first person to propose a mathematical model for Brownian motion was Thorvald N. Thiele in a paper on the least squares method that was published in 1880. A modern model is the Wiener process, named in honor of Norbert Wiener, who described the function of a continuous-time stochastic process. Brownian motion is considered a Gaussian process and a Markov process with continuous path occurring over continuous time. What Is Brownian Motion? Because the movements of atoms and molecules in a liquid and gas is random, over time, larger particles will disperse evenly throughout the medium. If there are two adjacent regions of matter and region A contains twice as many particles as region B, the probability that a particle will leave region A to enter region B is twice as high as the probability a particle will leave region B to enter A. Diffusion, the movement of particles from a region of higher to lower concentration, can be considered a macroscopic example of Brownian motion. Any factor that affects the movement of particles in a fluid impacts the rate of Brownian motion. For example, increased temperature, increased number of particles, small particle size, and low viscosity increase the rate of motion. Brownian Motion Examples Most examples of Brownian motion are transport processes that are affected by larger currents, yet also exhibit pedesis. Examples include: The motion of pollen grains on still waterMovement of dust motes in a room (although largely affected by air currents)Diffusion of pollutants in the airDiffusion of calcium through bonesMovement of holes of electrical charge in semiconductors Importance of Brownian Motion The initial importance of defining and describing Brownian motion was that it supported the modern atomic theory. Today, the mathematical models that describe Brownian motion are used in math, economics, engineering, physics, biology, chemistry, and a host of other disciplines. Brownian Motion Versus Motility It can be difficult to distinguish between a movement due to Brownian motion and movement due to other effects. In biology, for example, an observer needs to be able to tell whether a specimen is moving because it is motile (capable of movement on its own, perhaps due to cilia or flagella) or because it is subject to Brownian motion. Usually, its possible to differentiate between the processes because Brownian motion appears jerky, random, or like a vibration. True motility appears often as a path, or else the motion is twisting or turning in a specific direction. In microbiology, motility can be confirmed if a sample inoculated in a semisolid medium migrates away from a stab line. Source Jean Baptiste Perrin - Facts. NobelPrize.org, Nobel Media AB 2019, July 6, 2019.

Risk Assessment in Leroy Merlin hypermarket in Swidnica Essay

Risk Assessment in Leroy Merlin hypermarket in Swidnica - Essay Example The paper tells that the goal of safety management in organizations and the development of Safety Management Systems (SMSs) is the achievement of peak safety performance. This means no operational incidents, no personal injuries, and no harm to the environment. This therefore enhances the safety of the employees in any organization. This study location; Leroy Merlin hypermarket in Swidnica is still some way from achieving this goal. Tools such as the SMSs undoubtedly help compliance with rules but they do not necessarily improve safety environment. There is an ordinary recognition in this company that encouraging safe working performance does not require more rules, regulations, and procedures. Instead, the company needs a better comprehension of the social and organizational aspects that foster professionalism and emergency situations. Original attempts to improve workplace safety and or reduce risks, focused on the mechanical and engineering aspects of the company’s systems. The focus widened as the role of human error became more evident. Human mistakes were blamed for the safety culture in workplace areas. The absence of a safety culture in any organization is the significant contributor to the disaster, and potential hazards. Thus, safety culture can be defined as â€Å"That assembly of facets and attitudes in companies and individuals which establishes that, as an overriding priority, safety issues receive the attention warranted by their significance†.

Case Study - Homeland Security Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Case Study - Homeland Security Issue - Essay Example The suspected terrorist group is Al-Qaeda. The Anthrax terrorist attack occurred during 2001’s October and November months. Similarly, the airplane hijackings and murder of New York civilians occurred on September 11, 2001. Bin Laden announced to the world that he personally orchestrated the September 11, 2001 airplane attacks on two New York buildings. The problem includes the responsibility of the United States’ Homeland Security Agency to thwart future terrorist attacks, especially the biological weapon attacks. Description of the Subject. The subject focuses on the intricacies of the 2001 Anthrax biological attack. The 2001 Anthrax letter attacks included sending letters to the intended terror victims. The letters targeted individuals to create a statement. In turn, the subject includes the United States Homeland Security Agency’s role in reducing or stopping all future Anthrax and other biology-based attacks on the American people. Chronology of th e Case Study. Barry Schneider emphasized the United States Homeland Security Agency had to resolve the 2001 Anthrax bioterrorism attack (2004, p.2). After the recent September airline hijacking and attack, the Anthrax letters incident cropped up. The terrorist sent several letters to several intended victims within the United States. The letter senders sent the deadly envelopes through the United States post office. The letters contained a deadly chemical, Anthrax. Anthrax can easily kill the person opening the Anthrax-containing letters. Lynn Davis theorized â€Å"The September 11 attacks and the anthrax incidents that occurred in autumn 2001 clearly demonstrated to Americans that the possibility of becoming a victim of terrorism is very real. This new awareness has generated

Similarities Between Mitochondria And Bacteria Biology Essay

Similarities Between Mitochondria And Bacteria Biology Essay Bacteria are believed to be among the oldest cells on Earth, fossils indicate bacteria-like organisms were around almost 3.5 billion years ago. They are unicellular micro-organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus and contain no organelles. Many people consider them to be the cause of many diseases, which they are, but the human body contains trillions of bacteria, aiding processes such as digestion and growth. Mitochondria on the other hand are organelles found in the majority of eukaryotic cells, they produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What could these organelles found in eukaryotes have in common with bacteria, which are prokaryotes? Hopefully this essay will address that question and attempt to answer it. To achieve this in the first section of this essay I will consider the structural similarities between them both. I will then go on to compare the functional similarities in the second section of this essay which will then be followed by a section outl ining and explaining the endosymbiotic theory which should help to clarify the previous sections. Finally I will summarise the similarities between mitochondria and bacteria and the causes of these similarities and the validity of the theory explaining them. Structure At first glance bacteria and mitochondria look to have a very different internal structure and can also have a radically different external shape, but inside they do share some similarities. The internal structure of bacteria is very simple, it contains no membrane bound organelles, but instead it contains a nucleoid which is the central part of the cell and it is where the DNA is generally confined to. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of the bacteria as well as storage granules. All bacteria have a plasma membrane, most also have a cell wall and while some have a capsule, others do not (1). Some bacteria also have flagella which are tiny whip-like structures often located at one end of the cell. Although they vary in size greatly, common bacteria such as Escherichia coli are about 2ÃŽ ¼m in length, when comparing this to mitochondria they are very similar in length but like bacteria, the shapes and sizes of mitochondria vary significantly depending on what species or cell they are found in (2). Mitochondria are located in the cytoplasm of both animal and plant cells; they are cylindrical structures that consist of an outer membrane, inner membrane and matrix. Like bacteria, mitochondria also have their own circular DNA genome which is separate from the nucleus of the cell which is located in the matrix. The membrane of the mitochondria is also very similar to the membrane found around the bacteria; it is double layered and is made up from lipids, just like a prokaryotes membrane. This is interesting as it shows no similarities with a eukaryotic cells cytoplasm, but instead it is very similar to the composition of a bacterial membrane. The inner folds of the mitochondrial membrane, cristae, are very similar to mesosomes found in bacteria. Mitochondria also contain ribosomes similar to those found in bacteria; this will be explained further in the next section. Function The main function of bacteria, like any organism, is to reproduce, and while mitochondrias main function is to produce energy in the form of ATP it also needs to reproduce. Mitochondria are formed by a process very similar to binary fission, the method by which bacteria divide. When a bacterium reaches a certain size, it splits down the middle to create two organisms. In a mitochondrion the nucleus signals the cell to produce more organelles, but only the mitochondria actually replicate themselves while other organelles have to be made up from substances present within the cell. There is an electron transport chain found in both the plasma membrane around a prokaryote as well as in the membrane around the mitochondria but it is absent in membrane of eukaryotic cells. Proteins are required in a cell to perform all functions and all synthesis of these proteins takes place in ribosome; these ribosomes are present throughout the cell but mitochondria have their own ribosomes to produce the proteins they need. Chemical and microscopic analysis shows how the structures of mitochondrial and bacterial ribosomes share more similarities with each other than with ribosomes in eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells are 80S in size while ribosomes found in bacteria and mitochondria are 70S in size (3). One experiment carried out by Margulis showed that the protein synthesis of both mitochondria and bacteria are sensitive to erythromycin and chloramphenicol and insensitive to cyclohexamide and emetine whilst cytoribosomal protein synthesis is insensitive to erythromycin and chloramphenicol and is usually sensitive to cyclohexamide and emetine, suggesting that mitochondrial ribosomes are different from those found in the cytoplas m of eukaryotic cells, and are similar to those found in bacteria. This experiment among other structural and functional similarities lead to Margulis to formulate the theory of endosymbiosis. Endosymbiosis The theory of endosymbiosis had been around before the evidence published by Lynn Margulis, but it was her work that made it a widely accepted theory among biologists. Included in her hypothesis was the thought that mitochondria are the result of endocytosis of aerobic bacteria. This would explain the similarities between mitochondria and bacteria, and why mitochondria differ from what would be expected from a typical eukaryotic organelle. The theory purposes that a proto-eukaryotic cell ingested an aerobic bacterium but it failed to digest it. The aerobic cell then thrived due to the cells cytoplasm being full of partially digested food molecules, and some of the ATP may have leaked into the cells cytoplasm. This occurred around a time where the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere was increasing and aerobic respiration was advantageous to survive (3). An increase in ATP must have caused a growth advantage to the proto-eukaryote, enabling it to dominate over other cells that la cked cell walls and endosymbionts. The endosymbiont, originally the aerobic bacterium, eventually became dependent on the host for both protection and nutrients, meaning there was little need for genes involved in these processes. On the other hand, due to the endosymbiont only being permitted to remain if it continued to capture and store energy, there was a strong selective pressure to retain the genes involved in energy capture and storage. Eventually genes whose products were of no use to the host eroded and were ultimately lost. Finally as the genome reduction continued, the endosymbiont evolved into an energy-providing organelle. However, some more recent research suggests that the endosymbiont may have been an anaerobic bacterium with a fermentative metabolism (4). The bacterium that was originally engulfed is believed to have evolved into a mitochondrion that enabled the evolution of larger organisms. The endosymbiotic theory is well supported, although there are many different variations of it there is strong evidence that suggests mitochondria did originate from bacteria. The similarities in the previous sections are all evidence pointing towards endosymbiosis and this theory explains why bacteria and mitochondria have much in common, and why the mitochondrias function and structure often defies what would be expected from a eukaryotic organelle. Conclusion The similarities between bacteria and mitochondria are easy to see despite belonging to different domains. When a mitochondrion is looked at in detail there are obvious differences to a eukaryotic cell and other organelles present in the eukaryotic cytoplasm, the biggest of these is perhaps the presence of mitochondrial DNA, but there are similarities in many other aspects of a mitochondrion. Their primary functions may be different but bacteria and mitochondria still share process such as binary fission. All this evidence leads to the endosymbiotic theory which offers an explanation for these similarities, although many parts of it are still being debated. This theory allows us to understand how single cell organisms developed into the vast array of complex organisms that are present 3.5 billion years after the first bacteria are thought to have existed.

Psychiatric Nursing Essay

Psychiatric treatment or psychological welfare treatment refers to the field of treatment that is concerned with individuals of each and every age with psychological sickness or psychological suffering, like; bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, despair, dementia or neurosis. However, professionals in this field are given extra teaching in mental treatment, establishing a beneficial coalition that is based on challenging conduct, and the management of psychiatric treatment. The following are some issues facing BC psychiatric nursing; the issue of prisoners, chronic illness, gender, old age and child trauma. Others include; healing choice creation and treatment involvement; medicinal healing and treatment responsibility; nurse and customer verdict creation and crisis resolving; verdict approaches; position clash and position uncertainty. Prisoners Correctional psychological welfare program mainly focuses on suicide avoidance, recognition and healing of the psychologically sick, and continuity of psychiatric healing. The psychiatric professional takes part in an essential function in every one of these plan. The psychiatric professional’s responsibility in a correctional situation is exclusive. This is because the nurse might operate like a staff nurse on an inpatient element giving psychiatric treatment care to prisoners on a given unit or proceed as an outpatient nurse, giving assessments, therapy, or disaster involvement to prisoners in the universal inhabitants. Programs differ in size and range of services in quantity to the inhabitants of the region prison, financial support, and court go-ahead. For instance, a big region prison could give inpatient healing on an inpatient element inside the prison or through an agreement by a psychiatric hospital. Smaller region locks up classically agreement their sensitive services with a local psychiatric hospital. Outpatient-rank services are more often than not given twenty four hours every day in a bigger confinement, whereas minor prisons could give services merely on the day transfer. A minor prison can hire psychological welfare nurses on a part-time basis or none. Countries time and again choose particular jails inside their jail arrangements to give sensitive psychiatric concern or employ sanatorium surroundings inside every jail to become constant and take care of intensely psychologically unwell prisoners. A particular inpatient element in a prison could be a set of cells particularly selected to reside psychiatric patients. Depending on the condition, the region psychological health sector of psychological health services may select or certify the elements for sensitive concern. The elements can be simply confined or empirical accommodation for psychological health patients getting services, apart from an inpatient rank of concern (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1981, p. 281). Chronic illness Treatment dwellings: since individuals who are psychologically unwell at times require lasting therapeutic concern, at times when a treatment residence may be essential. Nevertheless, several treatment dwellings are not set to effectively tackle psychological health concern matters. However, while choosing a treatment dwelling for a cherished individual, make sure that it concentrates on attending to those with persistent psychological sickness. Housing Care services: majority of individuals with persistent psychological sickness obtain the correct rank of concern in inhabited care services. Normally, they give twenty hour recruitment, space and panel, and support with prescription and preparing psychological welfare care arrangements. Grown-up Care services: the services are additionally household oriented than housing care services. However; usually give similar level of concern. They are additionally suitable for individuals whose circumstances are constant. Grown-up care services are not locked, as well as a number them do not give twenty hour employment. However, household Care dwellings: location is more of a distinctive house in that it provides to a larger extent lesser amount of inhabitants and is not normally organized twenty four hours a day. Unluckily, lots of funding for those with persistent psychological sickness will cover this rank of attention, yet people might require the services of a grown-up attention. Supported existing elements: A supported dwelling element, as its name entails, is most suitable for those individuals who are high performing and constant. With supported livelihood, there is less staff control and inhabitants normally exist in apartments are be given services like food, laundry, and medicinal management. Supported livelihood can also be a link to autonomous dwelling, in that if an individual fruitfully contributes in supported existence yearly, one can be capable of changing to a customary residence. Psychiatric elements: they are either supported in or united with sickbays. A single category of psychiatric element focuses in temporary sensitive concern, nearly when an individual is a threat to him or herself, or others. The aim of this circumstance is to stabilize the person and relocate herself or himself to an additional type of competence. Another form of psychiatric component is the one that is united with a state sickbay, and is frequently a protected capacity for those who need long lasting attention. Sexual characteristics. The stand for deed pressurizes that women are allowed to enjoy the uppermost achievable set of bodily and psychological fitness. Creating a relationship between women’s individual existence and welfare and their responsibilities in the society, the stand affirms that the pleasure of this right is very important to their existence and welfare and their capacity to take part in every area of communal and personal living. The global meeting on residents and progress accepted that reproductive privileges hold confident individual civil liberties that are already familiar in state rules, global individual human rights credentials and other agreement credentials. omprise of general announcement of individual human rights and its 2 original executive agreements, the global agreement on financial, communal and civilized privileges , which refers to the right of everybody to the pleasure of the uppermost possible set of material and psychological fitness, and the global agreement on public and Political civil liberties , which consists of an amount of welfare related individual civil liberties, such like the freedom of existence, the right to freedom and safety of the individual and the freedom to solitude (Ahmann, 1994, p. 4). However, constructing on the global talks on people and growth and its Program of deed, the policy for an act affirms that the individual privileges of women consist of their freedom to be in charge and come to a decision without restraint and sensibly on issues linked to their sexuality, as well as sexual and reproductive wellbeing, liberated of intimidation, favoritism and hostility. Hard work has improved to regard physical condition in the support of individual civil rights. When physical situation is measured as an individual right, and not simply a societal excellent, civil liberties and tasks require to be explained consequently. The connection between women’s individual civil liberties and welfare has been initiated through the joint hard work of women’s welfare and women’s privileges supporters. In concentration and overlook of women’s welfare matters, especially reproductive fitness, in the lawmaking and modifying frameworks of nations, have been accepted as an element of an organized favoritism besides women. Old age Psychiatric ill health is a severe physical condition trouble in old people. Mental ill health is linked to poorer health result in addition to enlarged expenses intended for aged patients with recurring medical situation that are very much common in old age, for instance hip cracks, cancer and heart attack. In older people, the interaction of synchronized medical conditions and psychiatric and results to overwhelming disability and transience, creating exceptional therapies that have largely been neglected by the health care system. The largest part destructive essentials of unfairness in America include; the stigmatization of the very aged and the mentally ill. These prejudiced burdens are apparent in a lack of investigate, and insufficient access to suitable services and healing. Psychological fitness facilities based in the community level mostly lack appropriate services for the aged and personnel qualified to tackle medical needs. Investigation has verified that adults are more probable to be given suitable psychological wellbeing attention, and to contain improved medical results, whilst psychological fitness services are incorporated with universal health check care in the chief care background. Several schedules with numerous suppliers in numerous surroundings add up to an intolerable weight to individuals for whom persistent sickness and bodily disability are severe restraints. In addition, fewer stigmas related to getting psychiatric attention when they are a fundamental element of universal medicinal concern. Mental health in practice ought to have life-altering outcome. For example, sign of pain and despair can be treated even in older age, even in the presence of severe disease and disability, and also for those who stay in the nursing homes. However our health system has done little to convert this systematic information into clinical practice. The persistent approach among clinicians, patients and the society in general believes that being old implies living with pain and despair. For this reason the older people don’t receive the treatment they deserve. Further than the failure to recognize, diagnose, and initiate treatment, recent the next generation of troubles facing older people with mental ill health is unfortunate quality of care follow up. In most studies elderly nursing home people who receive antidepressant medication care, just about half of them continue to have sign, yet they don’t need treatment changes to make sure that they get well. Infant trauma Expert qualified in the nursing and medical treatment of child sexual oppression are often the first specialists taking care of the child and assess needs and can also bare witnesses in court trials. The prime intention of any medical involvement for the child is carryout a physical assessment, a psychological estimate and legal proof for potential proceedings. Children who have sexually been subjugated get to the interest of nurses and physicians in a multiplicity of ways. The child may be attended to by a private doctor or a nurse practitioner in the urgent situation department of a hospital. Big town repeatedly have selected hospitals that attend to child victims of sexual harassments and abuse with qualified, skilled doctors, social workers and nurses. Family may be asked to take a trip some far distance so as to have their child observed and evaluated at one of the dedicated healthcare facilities. A child may also be attended to in the healthcare system through the community or public health, school nurse and outpatient services. Alleged cases of child sexual abuse may moreover be seen first by law enforcement officer who will after that refers the child to the suitable healthcare for assessment. On arrival at the healthcare clinic, the child’s parents will be asked to present their complains. The health evaluation of the sexually assaulted child has a number of steps which include taking of history, Interviewing the child, physical test, and psychological assessment. History taking is the initial step in the health evaluation. The information about the growth and development of the child is provided by the parents (Ahia, 1997, p. 36). The researcher will generally commence with questions that examines the child’s Knowledge about family members, familiar events, and personal data. For example, the interviewer may want to establish that the child knows his or her name, date of birth, and grade in school. From these responses, the researcher will decide the finest way for the child to talk about the assault. The realistic Interviewing practice is the third step where the interviewer remains objective and neutral in inquiring the child. The questioning should not be threatening to the child or the parents. Researcher should stay as unbiased and goal as probable in enquiring the child is the second step which varies depending on the age of the child and the level of development. The interviewer will evaluate the child’s verbal communication skills and mental and poignant development. The research will usually commence with inquiries that examine the child’s knowledge about family members, familiar events, and personal data. For example, the interviewer may want to establish that the child knows his or her name, date of birth, and grade in school. From these responses, the researcher will decide the finest way for the child to talk about the assault. Certain people should not be allowed in the research area. For instance, asking a child questions in front of the alleged offender or interviewing a child in a room full of adult strangers is stressful and will limit dialogue with the child. A parent or guardian in the room may be reassuring for the child and, after the child becomes comfortable with the interviewer, the parent is often able to exit quietly. A suitable tone should be situated in the research from the beginning. A proper introduction of everyone present is necessary, as is a coherent, understandable explanation of why the interview is taking place. The researcher should request for, not take for granted, teamwork, and assure the child that the interview will be as comfortable as possible. The young person must be given authorization to inquire queries concerning everything that is not understood. A victorious research is one in which the young person is provided with some measure of control, even if it simply means a choice of a toy. Many children who have been sexually harassed have lost an intelligence of power and control over their own bodies and behavior and have learned to be overly compliant and passive. The researcher should set up a universal relationship with the young person before trying to obtain specific information about the victimization. It is over and over again is important to begin by playing with dolls or requesting the child to draw a picture. It is through this early stage that it is most suitable to ask the child’s full name. The researcher may require the young person to write it down on the drawing paper. The young person should not be forced to open up right away; instead the interviewer should try to determine what is preventing the child from talking about the abuse. For instance, a parent may be angry and confused because a child is making allegations about a boyfriend. That parent may have intimidated the child prior to the interview or may have threatened the child with removal from the home. It may be essential for the parent to depart the area organized for the interviewer to obtain certain information. Conclusion Psychiatric nursing face cultural and contextual issues in dealing with psychological sicknesses which may include infant disturbances, gender, issues with the inmates, sexual characteristics, chronic illness and old age . The researcher should set up a universal relationship with the different groups so as to come up with proper results as they assist the clients.

Jeremy Benthams Utilitarianism is a Convincing Method for...

Utilitarianism has been recognized as a convincing method regarding normative ethics, utilitarianism wasn’t fully expressed until the 19th century. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, acknowledged the good with pleasure. Both of the philosophers believed we ought to make the most of the good, everyones happiness is the same no matter what type of happiness it is. When one fulfills their good, it doesn’t mean one’s individual good doesn’t count more when compared to someone else’s good. Jeremy Bentham was born on February 15th, 1748 in Houndsditch, London and died on June 6th 1832. He was a British philosopher who founded modern utilitarianism. Anglo- American philosophy of law was very important to Bentham, he was the leading philosopher of this law and he also influenced the idea of human well-being. Bentham was a strong advocator for the community and their people when it came to economic liberty, freedom of express, equal rights especially for women, discrimination of homosexuals and their acts, separation of church and state and a right to file for divorce. He made an effort to eliminate the death penalty, to stop bondage and to eliminate physical punishment which included children. One of them main reason Jeremy Bentham was very well-known was because was an advocator for animal rights (Sweet, 1969). Bentham attended Westminster School located in Simsbury, Connecticut, he went off to The Queens College, Oxford, got his Bachelors degree in 1763 and three

Walt Disney Company - 1069 Words

Effects of Leadership Style In The Walt Disney Company if there was an authoritarian leader it would affect group communication immensely because the employees need to be creative and because authoritarian leaders â€Å"make decisions, give the orders, and generally control all activities† (Beebe Masterson, 2009, P. 290) this does not allow creative communication. When a leader dictates techniques to a group it does not allow constructive communication, and ideal sharing, and this would not be good for The Walt Disney Company. In The Walt Disney Company if there was a democratic leader, although this would be better for the company than authoritarian, it would affect group communication greatly because the leader still directs the†¦show more content†¦The role of communication for self-efficacy theory will mean many things to different member of the group. It is important that the group members communicate positively to all group members to help boast self-confidence . This will help the group to be more productive and help each member of the group to have an equal voice. The group will need to communicate to one another that each member has the belief that the group is capable of doing the task set in front of the group. Commitment of Workforce The commitment of the workforce at The Walt Disney Company is immense. The workforces at The Walt Disney Company are committed to The Walt Disney Company mission of making their customers have a magical experience. The workforce is committed to The Walt Disney Company vision of future idea through communication. The Walt Disney Company workforce is committed to their relationship to communicate with one another. The workforce as well as The Walt Disney Company has a good line of communication. The workforce of The Walt Disney Company can communicate ideas within the organization and the workforce ideas are welcomed. This allows the relationship between the workforces of The Walt Disney Company to know they are important and therefore brings about good communication. Conclusion In conclusion, The Walt Disney Company has different leadership styles that affect the organization. The Walt Disney Company has many sources of power that they use wisely. The WaltShow MoreRelatedWalt Disney Company1730 Words   |  7 PagesThe Walt Disney Company is a diversified international family entertainment and media enterprise business. They have five business segments which are media network, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, consumer products and interactive media. Disney Media Network consists of broadcast, cable, radio, publishing and digital businesses within the Disney/ABC Television Group and ESPN, Inc. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is comprised of family oriented parks and resorts all around the world. 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