Corrections Trends - 1053 Words

Corrections Trend Evolution Roshanda Washington CJA/394 July 10, 2013 Tamra Washington Correction Trends Evolution Prisons are at a higher demand in this economy. As our world expands there are more crimes that are on rise and more individuals who are being sloppy and being caught for the crimes that they are committing. With more people being captured that leaves less space to house these criminals. We face more problems now than we did in the earlier years, now individuals are committing crimes just to see if they can get away with it or to try and prove a point to their friends. This paper will touch on some of the issues facing prison and prison administrators and also the roles of the alternate correction system as a†¦show more content†¦Maybe in the years to come there may be fewer prisons with overcrowding issues and less repeat offenders who are being arrested. One of the alternatives to prison is a suspended sentence. A suspended sentence is a penalty that a judge gives a defendant convicted of a crime but is not enforced by the judge if the defendant stays out of trouble for a year. This sentence is not a get out of jail free card because there is a price to pay. When a person agrees to a suspended sentence that person must vow to stay out of trouble pay probation or parole cost, do some sort of community service and visit a probation officer. If the defendant so happens to get him/herself in any trouble while on a suspended sentence his sentence will be revoked in the defendant previous sentence will be enforced. When a person is placed on probation there are strict guidelines that the person must follow if they want to be released. They must report to the officer at a scheduled time, have random house visits from the officer and also take random drug screenings. If a person for any reason fail it obey one of these commands they probation will be revoked and will have to serve the rest of their time in jail. The judge may also require that restitution or probation fees be paid. When ordered to pay restitution the payment must be paid in full or a warrant could be issued forShow MoreRelatedCorrections Trend873 Words   |  4 PagesCorrections Trend Evaluation Bebe Washington CJA/394 February 15, 2012 UOP Corrections Trend Evaluation In this paper the objectives that will be addressed are past, present and future trends of corrections. Also, analyze current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators as well as the roles and issues of alternate correction systems as a developing trend. In today’s society the jails and prison pretty much function with the same protocol. In the past the history of theRead MoreCorrections Trend Evaluation Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesCorrections Trend Evaluation Daysha Hopkins CJA-394 May 7, 2012 Hector Garcia Ed. D Abstract Throughout the United States, there are many correctional facilities that house thousands of inmates. Individuals who work within these facilities have a tough job in maintaining the prison facility and the inmates. Correctional officers are called the front line workers and are responsible for looking after the inmates. The officers who work for the correctional facility deal with issues that mayRead MoreCorrections Current Trends846 Words   |  4 PagesCurrent trends in sentencing When it comes to prison sentencing there are a lot of trends to go from, probably the main outline you could say is the sentencing models these models are a basic outline of what’s going to happen to an offender while being sentenced. These are the six options which include: capital punishment- for like murder offenders which includes the death penalty only in some states though, imprisonment -for those who commit violent crime and so forth usually sent to state orRead MoreCorrections Trends Evaluation Paper1552 Words   |  7 PagesCorrections Trend Evaluation Carla Howard CJA 394 University of Phoenix Corrections have existed throughout society for many years and continued to change and evolve in the United States reflecting society’s values and ideals throughout the centuries. In the criminal justice system, corrections exist in more than one form. Not only do corrections refer to jails and prison systems but they also pertain to community-based programs, such as probation, parole, halfway houses, and treatmentRead MoreUsing Moving Averages in Stock Trading650 Words   |  3 Pagesdirection of the trend. There are also times when price will blast past it altogether. What some traders do is that they pop on two moving averages, and only buy or sell once price is in the middle of the space between the two moving averages. You could call this area the zone.(figure 11) In an uptrend, as with an uptrend-line, the moving average line shows more instances where the average coincided with or acted as, support and in a downtrend, similar to what happens using a down trend-line, thereRead MoreWhy The Danish Prisons System Is Better Than The American Prison System1352 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican society; as seen with the American tourists. The second source to explore is the article, To Be and Not to Be: Adaptation, Ambivalence and Ambiguity in a Danish Prison (Nielsen 135). This source is important to discuss for knowing the actual trends and reasons behind the open prison system. The author, Malene Nielsen is from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. She does not support the open prison system of the country. The article explains some of the moral complexities and logical institutionRead MoreToday s Criminal Justice Over The Past Few Decades1307 Words   |  6 PagesModern trends in criminal justice over the past few decades exhibit the need for some criminal penalties amid the extremes of imprisonment and regular probation. Usually, increases in crime have been retorted with increases in imprisonment. This has developed a counterproductive model that often lead to overcrowded prisons and jails, early release of potentially dangerous criminals, and corrections budgets that eat away state funds. In an effort to be hard on crime, many jurisdictions are makingRead MoreCorrections Paper2399 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Corrections Paper CJA/484 April 21, 2014 Stephen Rubino Corrections Paper The criminal justice system is responsible for enforcing the laws created at each level of government. A major part of enforcing the laws is detaining the people who break them. The way that an offender is punished for a crime can be different depending on age or the type of crime committed. Depending on the age of the offender they could go through the juvenile or adult corrections system. Each system hasRead MoreRehabilitation and Recidivism1436 Words   |  6 Pagesand financial burden to the general public. Continuous incarceration and deterrence proves to be increasingly costly and unrealistic. Literature Review As with other ideas, intervention, rehabilitation, and punitive methods of correction have seen its fair share of trends, trial and error. Rehabilitation was once a very hopeful method of reducing recidivism and although it has not been as successful as once thought, evidence does prove that rehabilitation and intervention does help to reduce recidivismRead MoreCorrections: From Rehabilitation to a More Punitive Model Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Sameer Noori 24 November 2014 Corrections Paper What changes led corrections away from rehabilitation and toward a more punitive model? Since World War II through the 1970s, many changes occurred in the United States correctional systems. Rehabilitation Model is a treatment program that was designed to reform the inmates. According to www.copower.org, â€Å"This model is similar to the medical model; it regards the person with a disability as in need of services from a rehabilitation professional who

Hindu Religion Free Essays

HINDU RELIGION Dennis E. Leber Axia College RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD (AXIA) HUM/130 NAOMI DOUMBIA AUG 14, 2007 The Hindu religion The Hindu religion is strongly dependent on the Hindu philosophy and in addition, has inculcated a lot of rituals and practices. The Hindu religion has 333 million gods; this is because the Hindu philosophy believes that every human being is God himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Hindu Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now This acceptance of the multiplicity of the Supreme Being in many forms is the hallmark of the Hindu religion. The Hindu religion is also very assimilative and has accepted many faiths into it. The Hindu religion also allows religious freedom and does not enforce the edicts of the religion on anyone. In fact, Hinduism teaches that a person, in order to attain liberation from the worldly bondage, must select the religion that he is comfortable in. Hence, it accepts the existence of all other religions as a means to realize God. The Hindu religion like other religions also believes in the battle between the good and the evil although at a lower level of existence. The religion preaches that man must advance himself through successive levels of knowledge in his quest for the final truth. Hence, the concept of the Devas, or the good deities and the Asuras, the demoniac characters are very important in the Hindu traditions. Many folklores revolve around the battles between the Devas and the Asuras. The important Godheads in the Hindu tradition are Brahma, Vishnu and Siva who correspond with the three ‘Gunas’ or qualities of Satva (pureness), Rajas(action), and Tamas(darkness and inactivity). Man is a mixture of the three gunas and the inherent nature of a person will depend on the predominance of the three gunas in him. The Hindu Social Life The Hindu social life is caste based, which was originally devised for the division of labor. Hence the Hindu society has the Brahmins, the highest class who performs rituals and is supposed to be the most educated in terms of religion. Then comes the Kshatriyas who are the warrior and ruling class. Following them in importance comes the Vaishyas, who are the business class. Last comes the Shudras who serve the upper class. People who do not come in these four classes were previously classified as the untouchables who had to do menial jobs in the society and were looked down upon. Women were given important position in the family even though her importance in public affairs was greatly curtailed during the later years of Hindu history The Hindu way of life has many beliefs that were perhaps a means that offered social balance in the society. For example, the norm of sacrifice and the mandatory rules on feeding others helped to provide food for the needy. Similarly, the social practices were seen as the physical manifestations of the philosophical edicts that Hinduism preached. For example the practice of sacrifice to the fire is a physical manifestation of the philosophic ritual of giving up everything for the sake of understanding the truth. Similarly, the belief that the confluence of the three rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswathi is holy, is due to the Tantric belief that the meeting point of the three nerve centers in the body awakens the Kundalini, which is the seat of power in the human body. The desire for liberation from earthly existence Dharma is the duty that you have to fulfill in life through your placement. Karma states that you will reap what you sow. And the desire for liberation from earthly existence is achieved through the combination of the two aforementioned methods. Life death has a cycle. The cycle is wrought with earthly pleasures pain. Your intention is to be free from materialistic desires because they are temporary. Only the soul is eternal. So by meditating, fulfilling your duties, and by eventually ridding yourself of your karma; you are free to exist as soul and be one with the universe as opposed to continuing the cycle of birth death. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hindu drawn from Aug, 2007 Origin of Hinduism, About. com drawn from Aug 2007 How to cite Hindu Religion, Papers

International Of Construction Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Of Construction Management? Answer: Introduction Leadership refers to the process of setting a vision and direction by a leader on the path of which the team shall follow. A leader is a person who is an insightful person and believes in working together by motivating and inspiring other to work efficiently. The report provides a brief overview of leadership style inherited in CEOs of company. It also discusses about their success factors and ways in which each leader is different from other. Further the activities of three leaders explained in the analysis are, Bradford Banducci (CEO of Woolworths), Ahmed Fahour (CEO of Australian Post) and Alan Joyce (CEO of Qantas). All three leaders are highly successful in their industries and have helped their companies to reach the peak by initiating their leadership activities in business process (Clarke, 2013). Further talking about the CEO of Woolworths, Mr. Bradford Leon Banducci became the managing director and chief executive officer of Woolworths on February 26, 2016, but is serving the company since 2015. Before this, he was employed on director post in Woolworth group Liquor Company. There he served a period from 2012 to 2015. Mr. Brad actively makes use of features like flexibility, collaboration, situational etc. to initiate success of their business. Mainly they make use of Authoritarian leadership to gain competitive edge in the target market (Aydin, Sarier, Uysal, 2013). Mr. Ahmed Fahour is an Australian Lebanese business who is the former managing director and group CEO of Australian Post. He became the CEO and new MD of Australia Post in the year 2009, before that he was the CEO of National Australian bank. Mr. Fahour planned to initiate sustainable communications business with the aid of digital mailbox, so it shall be noted that he believes in managing or changing the people for a better outcome. Thus, he uses the transformational leadership style in his workings (Du, et. al., 2013). Another leader of Qantas Alan Joyce joined Qantas airlines in the year 2000 as a network and schedule planner; afterward, he became the CEO of the company Qantas in the year. Alan Joyce has been rewarded as the most influential leader by the Australian in the year 2011, which states that he is remarked as one of the best leaders present their business activities in the society. Further, Alan makes use of democratic style of leadership as he puts emphasis on initiating shared decision making and promoting the interest of union irrespective of personal gains. Further biographic details about the leaders and their leadership styles are discussed below. Point of Discussion Mr. Bradford Banducci is the chief executive officer of Australia's biggest retail store holding company Woolworths. Talking about his background, he is commonly known as Brad, and has achieved a bachelor's degree is commerce, and then is qualified LLB and they master in business administration. Before becoming the CEO at Woolworths Company in 2016, Mr. Banducci served his time period in W-store ltd. of Woolworth's group in Tanzania as a CEO only. He continuously participated in the leadership role of the company by engaging himself in Woolworths supermarkets, Metro, Digital and New Zealand supermarket businesses as well. This showed that Mr. Banducci was a keenly observant and an enthusiast person who always wanted to improve his capabilities by participating in every activity related to his job. Also, this ability of him helped him reach the position where he is standing right now (Nahavandi, 2016). Mr. Banducci also served his period as a managing director in Australian Food and L iquor of Woolworths Limited. Apart from that, he also accounted himself in the Tyro Payment ltd company as a CFO in 2005, and he spent 15 years of his professional career in Boston Consulting Group in which he served 9 years as a president there. So, with his biography, the fact is known to all that he has an adequate amount of experience in the field of leadership and he is acting standing upon his responsibility and achieving the targets confidently (Vergara, E.2014). Talking about the leadership role of Mr. Brad, it shall be noted that he is actively playing his leadership responsibilities in the organization. In context of leadership, a leader is one who knows the way, goes the way and shows the way, this fact is rightly stated by John C. Maxwell. As Mr. Banducci with his affirmative targets stated that he will change the condition of the company by unveiling long-term targets defined for the company. He aspired to increase the sale of the company 4 per cent till next. His confidences and long-term thinking skill showed his strong leadership abilities in an organization. Further the leadership style which he uses to flourish the business is authoritarian states that this type of leader believes that there should be an identified professional relationship of the company shall be maintained in the global environment. (Frankel, 2017) This leadership style shows that Mr. Banducci offers a vision to his team and then creates control in the organizati on so that efficiency in customer satisfaction level is focused. Traits which this leader possess through initiating authoritarian leadership style is that, he develops understanding about the concept, then initiate goals for the management to follow and then lastly engage all people in one way communication and initiate control so that objectives are properly achieved. Also the fact shall be noted that he is one of the factor due to which the company is gain competitive edge in the retail market (van Prooijen, de Vries, 2016). According to Australian financial review, Mr. Banducci is the right man for the working of the company and gaining the competence in the market. As it is known that Mr. Banducci believes in spreading optimum benefits to the stakeholders of the company as they provided around $ 110 million bonus to its investors previous year (Einarsen, Aasland, Skogstad, 2016). This huge amount of bonus shows that the company is already earning optimum returns that are why it is providing bonus to its employee. If talking about the success of Mr. Banducci in Woolworths. The fact shall be taken into consideration that he shaped the sales and returns of the company in initial hundred days of his term period. He improved the services received to the customers in the stores and he took the major decision changing the prices and reducing them (Mwenda, Wachira, 2015). This activity of him helped the company to gain $ 800 million for the company. So, there is no doubt that Mr. Banducci led the company app ropriately and helped them maximize their profits as well. Also by making use of authoritarian leadership style, he gained control over the company by increasing the sales margin of the company innovatively (Northouse, 2017). Ahmed Fahour Ahmed Fahour is a Lebanese Australian businessman who is the former managing director and group CEO of Australian post. Apart from that, he was the former chief executive officer of operations in national Australian bank. He is brought between successful business people who helped him to gather his knowledge in the business field. Further talking about his coalition with Australian post, Mr. Fahour joined the company in the year 2009 when he was regarded as the MD and CEO of the company. Looking at the skills of Mr. Fahour it shall be known that he possesses great leadership skill and the quality with the aid of which he gained satisfactory success in life is due to his positive response to every situation faced in life (Girma, 2016). Due to such personality qualities of Mr. Fahour, the company Australian post also gained success in the target market. Further, he was appointed as the Australian government's special envoy to the organization of Islamic cooperation in the year of 2011. Also in the year 2014, he was appointed as the chairman of Pro-Pro Packaging group and additionally in the same year he was appointed as the adjunct professor at La Trobe Business School. Apart from that, he was also appointed as a fellow of the Australian Institute of company directors and in the current he has been appointed as an officer of the order of Australia for providing distinguished services to business, especially in the postal area communication, banking and investment sector. All the above-mentioned positions are achieved by him, and it is clear to know that he has been a great leader and motivator in the environment (Clegg, 2017). Further talking about the leadership role which Mr. Fahour possesses in his business activities is Transformational leadership style. Transformational leadership refers to the style of business under which the leader finds it his duty to lead the people and make corrective changes in the organization which is required by the market. Such type of leaders does not require any type of motivation or appraisal from their team members or followers but they find it their duty to work for a better transformation. Considering the company in which Mr. Fahour is the CEO that Australian Post, the company aims to provide authentic information to its members irrespective of the criticism they receive from other people (Arnold, et. al., 2015). Similarly, the leader work in such a way that they fulfill the objectives defined in the internal management of the organization. Talking about their leadership role in the organization, with the starting of their term period, Mr. Fahour initiated "Future Rea dy" strategy in the internal process of the organization under which he implemented activities which centered the interest of customers. Apart from that he also aimed to initiate transformation in the organization by shifting the focus of the organization to not just run the business but become future ready (Jiang, et. al., 2017). Additionally talking about the success of Mr. Fahour in the organization, it shall be noted that the initial leadership trait which is showed after becoming the CEO is that he initiated the "Future Ready" program under which he possessed transformation leadership trait (Henkel, 2016). Talking about the exit of Mr. Fahour, he initiated sustained success in the organization and he also walked out by gaining $ 10.8 million packages with him, apart from that he also gained incentives in the year 2015 and 2016 (Zhao, Hwang, Lee, 2016). Also, the numeric data states that the company earned optimum bonus, apart from that they served good returns to the employees of the company as well. Being a transformational leader adequately changed the mindset of people towards different things prevailing in the market by unveiling the truth. Due to which the company earned respect and reputation in the market. So, the fact shall be noted that former CEO and MD of Australian Post Mr. Fahour adequately served their time period in the business to help it reach its peak in the market and gain competence. The decisions which the former CEO took helped the company to gain the position on which they are right now, also with the help of a great motivation leader the company gained the competence in the global market (Choi, Kim, Kang,2017). Alan Joyce Alan Joseph Joyce (June 30, 1966) is an Irish born citizen of Australia who is a businessman by profession. He is the Chief executive officer of Qantas Airlines Australia. Talking about the professional career of Alan Joyce, he initially worked at Aer Lingus for consecutive eight years which was a flag carrier for Ireland. At Aer Lingus, he worked on the position of sales, marketing and information technology, revenue management, and many more other positions. After leaving Aer Lingus he joined new defunct Ansett Australia (Tucker, 2017). Later on, Alan Joyce joined Qantas in the year 2000. He used to work in schedule planning, network planning and network strategy as a leader in both the company Qantas and Ansett Australia. Joyce was regarded as the most influential business leader in the year 2011, another honor which he received was of becoming the ambassador of Australian Indigenous Education Foundation. Apart from that, he was also certified for providing efficient and effective services in the field of aviation and many other sectors as well (Bellamy, Bellamy, 2016). The leadership role which Alan Joyce possessed in his behavior is the democratic style of leadership. The fact shall be earmarked that this style of leadership helped Alan Joyce to initiate activities in the organization through the company can achieve competence in the global market. Further, talking about the leadership style of Alan Joyce it shall be noted that he being a democratic leader believed that the decision shall be made and implemented in an organization, with the collective repose of all the members of the company. This role of the leader helped the company gain and sustainable position in the market. Apart from that Alan Joyce promoted the interest of people by practicing social equality in the management of the company. He was implemented group decision-making process in the management of the organization due to which the standing is standing on such an affirmed position right now. A democratic style leader needs to be honest and inspiring to the other team members of the company (Antonakis, 2017). Talking about the success story of Alan Joyce in Qantas Company, he adequately used the correct approach for leading the company so that they can earn optimum return for the organization. it has been noticed that the company lost its major share in the market by 6 per cent, due to which it came as an emergency for the company to regain its position in the market by modernizing and restructuring the management of the company. Further, Alan Joyce initiated the use of innovative technology in the management due to which the company somehow came back to its current position in the market (Fashola, Akanni, Ajila, 2016). Also, it shall be remarked that Alan Joyce initiated three-year transformation due to which it became difficult for other competitors to imitate them. The way through which the company gains success in the market is by understanding the actual requirement of the customer with the product and services which the company offer. Apart from that Alan Joyce's management skills helped them to initiate innovative activities with honesty and accountability, due to which the company gained the trust of people in the market showed positive growth. As stated the company reached the top position in the market with the help of its democratic leader Alan Joyce (Peter, Kalai, 2016). Comparison of leadership styles Comparing the leadership style of all the three leaders analyzed in the report, it shall be noted that all people are working well in their particular fields, which stats that the leadership style which a person shall possess in their business also depends upon the type of business. On comparing the leadership style of Brad Banducci with that of Alan Joyce, it shall be noted that both companies perform just opposite leadership styles in their business depending upon the business. Like, in retail business proper control of management and employees is required which Mr. Banducci follows but Alan Joyce initiates just opposite activities. He believes in taking collective decision with the help of team members also. Apart from that a democratic style leader needs to give equal importance to its team members whereas an authoritarian leader only focuses on the outcomes of the process, they do not believe in implementing any type of informal relationship with the management (Schaubroeck, She n, Chong, 2017). Further talking about transformation type of leadership style, under this leadership, the leader does not consider the response given by other people who present in the society just like authoritarian leadership, but its practices involve intelligent innovation strategies like democratic leadership. But this leadership does not possess strict rules on their member like authoritarian nor does it believe in considering the participation of members in company's decision-making process like democratic style leaders do. Thus, it shall be noted that different business process has their different leadership style with the implementation of which they can earn competitive edge in the market (Chawla, Sharma, 2017). Conclusion Thus, in the limelight of above mentioned events the fact shall be noted is that all types of leadership styles have their different significance in the business depending upon the type of business. Apart from that, it takes the skills and capabilities of a leader to initiate success in an organization (Antonakis, 2017). The above mentioned report discussed leadership styles and practices of three different leaders in their individual market. All three leaders have achieved competence in the market with the aid of their efficient leadership skills. Concluding to the above analysis it shall be noted that all people possess different type of skills and implement different leadership styles depending on their attitude and type of business process. Recommendation Thus, looking at the above analysis, few recommendations which can help the companies to grow in a better way are discussed below. Initially talking about the people who use the authoritarian style of leadership shall always keep in mind that they do not harm the interest of any employee in an organization. as this type of leadership states that the leader shall maintain strict control on the activities of the organization, so the leader shall somehow initiate to maintain good communication in environment, otherwise the team member will become afraid of the leader's strictness. And they shall instigate personal or informal relationship as well apart from professional relationship with employee. this process will help them to receive better efficiency in work. Secondly, it shall be recommended to the people using the transformation leadership style. People who use such type of leadership need to be creative and confident enough to initiate a new change in the organization. When a person starts new thing, many hurdles come in their way, similarly, many obstacles will come while possessing the transformational leadership style but they shall focus on their goal and shall not get distracted with the criticism. Also, such leaders shall inspire people from the excitement and creative style of doing a task. Lastly, people who use the democratic style of leadership shall not center their focus only on practicing social activities for the business. They shall consider democratic solution of the problem but they shall also look for the solution which suits the activities of the business in the best way. References Antonakis, J. (2017). The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Arnold, K. A., Connelly, C. E., Walsh, M. M., Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Leadership styles, emotion regulation, and burnout. Journal of occupational health psychology, 20(4), 481-490. Aydin, A., Sarier, Y., Uysal, S. (2013). The Effect of School Principals' Leadership Styles on Teachers' Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Educational sciences: Theory and practice, 13(2), 806-811. Bellamy, A., Bellamy, A. (2016). The Relationship Between Neurotic Leadership Styles, Transformational Leadership, Emotional Intelligence, and Worker Attitudes. European Scientific Journal, 12(22). Chawla, D., Sharma, H. (2017). Relationship between leadership styles and stress indicators of sports leaders. Choi, S. B., Kim, K., Kang, S. W. (2017). Effects of transformational and shared leadership styles on employees' perception of team effectiveness. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 45(3), 377-386. Clarke, S. (2013). Safety leadership: A meta?analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(1), 22-49. Clegg, S. R. (2017). Fatal Leadership Approaches. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A., Sen, S. (2013). The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility. Journal of business ethics, 114(1), 155-169. Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., Skogstad, A. (2016). the nature and outcomes of destructive leadership behavior in Organizations. Risky Business: Psychological, Physical and Financial Costs of High Risk Behavior in Organizations, 323. Fashola, A. K., Akanni, A. A., Ajila, C. O. (2016). Leadership Style and Perceived Organisational Politics as Predictors of Organisational Commitment among Civil Servants in Osun State. Journal of Asian Development, 2(2), 33-47. Frankel, A., PGCMS, R. (2017). What leadership styles should senior nurses develop?. Clinical research, 4, 24. Girma, S. H. (2016). Relationship between Perceived Leadership Styles and Organizational Commitment: the Case of the African Union Commission Headquarters. Henkel, T. G. (2016). The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership Styles and University Adjunct Faculty Work Engagement. Jiang, H., Chen, Y., Sun, P., Yang, J. (2017). The Relationship between Authoritarian Leadership and Employees Deviant Workplace Behaviors: The Mediating Effects of Psychological Contract Violation and Organizational Cynicism. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. Mwenda, L. K. M., Wachira, A. W. (2015). Effects of Leadership Styles on Implementation of Organization Strategic Plans in Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi. Nahavandi, A. (2016). The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Northouse, P. G. (2017). Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice. Sage Publications. Peter, D. N., Kalai, J. M. (2016). Influence of principalstransformative corporate leadership style on teachersjob commitment in public secondary schools in athi river sub county, machakos county, kenya. African Journal of Education and Practice, 1(1), 77-100. Schaubroeck, J. M., Shen, Y., Chong, S. (2017). A dual-stage moderated mediation model linking authoritarian leadership to follower outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(2), 203. Tucker, R. (2017). Democratic Leadership Preferred by Male Student Athletes in Middle School Athletic Programs. Sport Journal. van Prooijen, J. W., de Vries, R. E. (2016). Organizational conspiracy beliefs: Implications for leadership styles and employee outcomes. Journal of business and psychology, 31(4), 479-491. Vergara, E. S. (2014). Characterization of leadership styles by analyzing social networks. Journal of Business, 6(1), 30-42. Zhao, X., Hwang, B. G., Lee, H. N. (2016). Identifying critical leadership styles of project managers for green building projects. International Journal of Construction Management, 16(2), 150-160.